Dietary restrictions could reduce periodontal disease

Dental Tribune International

Wed. 5 July 2023

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LONDON, UK: Since it has been evidenced that periodontitis results in local and systemic inflammation, researchers have recently examined the effects of dietary restrictions on both treatment response and inflammation in periodontal disease. The study, which is the first systematic review to assess the possible effect of dietary restrictions on periodontal disease, found that restricting calorie intake can help improve the periodontal condition by reducing local and systemic inflammation.

The review included four animal studies and two studies in humans. The researchers found that certain approaches to dietary or caloric restriction may affect periodontal conditions by reducing local and systemic inflammation and improving clinical parameters, thus minimising periodontal disease progression when compared with such progression when a normal diet is followed.

However, the researchers noted that the findings should be interpreted with caution since the systematic review only included a limited number of studies, the majority of which were conducted on animal models. Additionally, the human studies were methodologically simple studies with only a four-month follow-up period. Therefore, the researchers believe that further studies in the area should be undertaken.

“If confirmed, the results shown in this review could suggest caloric restriction as a means to reduce periodontal inflammation and potentially improve treatment response,” Dr Luigi Nibali, a professor of periodontics in the Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences at King’s College London, said in a press release.

“Caloric restriction to 500 to 1,300 calories/day for short durations, with or without associated physical exercise, have been proposed so far. However, other regimes which can be proven to be both feasible and effective could be introduced in future,” he concluded.

The study, titled “Could dietary restrictions affect periodontal disease? A systematic review”, was published online on 18 May 2023 in Clinical Oral Investigations, ahead of inclusion in an issue.

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